Miser to Man of the city in a Christmas Carol Essay

Scrooge is not very well like by the Cratchit’s. You can see this by â€Å"I wish I had him here. I’d give him a piece of my mind to feast upon and I hope he’d have a good appetite for it†. This shows that he is not liked because â€Å"he is an odious, stingy, hard, unfeeling man†. This make Scrooge feel bad and he learns a valuable lesson. Treat others as you wish to be treated. If he doesn’t want to be called bad tempered, money grabbing, old sinner, then we has to be caring and thoughtful. Scrooge every year at his nephew Fred’s house, is invited to a Christmas party, but always turns it down. Scrooge is not very well liked by the people at the party especially Fred. You can tell this by they invent a new game called â€Å"yes or no†. This shows that Scrooge is talked behind this back and that people do not care if they hurt his feeling. Scrooge feels unwanted and uncared for. You can tell this by â€Å"One half hour, Spirit, only one†. This shows that Scrooge has feeling and he wants to go as soon as possible because he crying and in great disbelief. Scrooge’s future looks uncertain when he goes into the future and sees him in a corner of the graveyard, unnoticed, uncared for. You can from this point that Scrooge is at the end of his tether. You can tell this by â€Å"For the first time his hand appeared to shake†. This shows that Scrooge has become more and more frightened and knows he must change his future to be cared for and missed dearly. He does not breakdown till this point because he can not change the past and that does not bother him. At the end of all the spirits visiting Scrooge is disappointed himself by being a selfish, lonely, old man. The Last straw is when he visits his own grave. He is already depressed with the entire trauma and another dig in his grave has made him tremble in fear. You can tell this by â€Å"The Spirit stood among the graves, and pointed down to one. He advanced towards it trembling†. This shows that Scrooge is scared of him and wants to change rather than just a person who has just died. Scrooge really wants to change because he doesn’t want to be the man in the corner that no one visits. You can tell this by â€Å"Are these the shadows of the things that will be, or are they the shadows of the things that may be, only†. This shows that Scrooge wants to change because of his experiences over the night. He wants to know that if he changes and mingles with people he will not die and nobody will care. He gets more and more distressed because the spirit won’t tell him if he can change his shadows of the future. You can tell this by â€Å"Assure me that I yet may change these shadows you have shown me, by an altered life†. He is on his knees, desperately trying to change his future. This tells us from this point onwards Scrooge will be a changed man to avoid distressing death. Scrooge wakes up the next morning a changed man, a generous man. You can tell this by â€Å"Scrooge regarded everyone with a delighted smile†. This shows that Scrooge has took into great account of what the spirits said and gone out to change his future. He is a changed man to the public. You can tell this by â€Å"If you please, ‘said Scrooge and not a farthing less. A great many back-payments are included in it, I assure you† This shows Scrooge as being as kind, thoughtful, caring man rather than a â€Å"squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching covetous old sinner†. Scrooge now respects the poor people more than ever, especially the Cratchit’s. You can tell this by â€Å"and therefore I am about to raise your salary†. This shows that Scrooge would rather share more of his money to make more people happy than just himself. This is different from the beginning because when the gentleman comes to visit he pushes him away and believes in â€Å"Laissez Faire†. Scrooge has now become a happier and more cheerful human being because he has changed his way of living. You can tell this by â€Å"they all sit around the table eating Christmas dinner†. This shows he is not self-contained, lonely old sinner, but a sociable character and because he changed his actions, Tiny Tim did live and Scrooge and his family say â€Å"God bless Us, Everyone! â€Å"

Kamias Soap Essay

The researcher asked 10 respondents; 8 teachers, 1 laboratory technician and 1 housewife to test and evaluate the product. The respondents were asked to used the product and observe its effect on their skin. After enough days, they were asked to answer survey questionnaire which pertains to the product. They were asked to evaluate the product based on certain criteria which aim to answer the problem of the researcher. Through the data provided by the respondents, the researcher was able to interpret the results and draw conclusions. The researcher found out the abundance of Kamias fruit at home and nearby places. She then thought of what else to do with the fruit aside from its published uses. She decided to make the fruit extract as an ingredient in making dish washing liquid and presented it to her adviser. After several attempts, the researcher failed, but fortunately and accidentally observed the bleaching effect of the extract. She had decided to research about the contents of the fruit and found out that it contains oxalic acid. The researcher decided to switch the study on making a bleaching soap out of the extract. The researcher worked on the laboratory and made samples of soap using the raw materials (kamias extract and decoction of lemon grass and calamansi leaves). The researcher distributed samples of soap and let the respondents try the soap. The respondents answered certain questions that pertain to the product. After gathering the data from the respondents, the researcher interprets the data, made tables and draw conclusion.

State Requirements for Parenting Plans

State Requirements for Parenting Plans Carol Schelling PA415-01: Family Law & Divorce Mediation Kaplan University State Requirements for Parenting Plans | |Carol Schelling | Memo To:Prof. H. From:Carol Schelling Date:12/20/2011 Re:Pennsylvania Parenting Plans Parenting Plans are very important. They outline the responsibilities of the parents and clarify what is in the best interest of the child. Pennsylvania does not require a parenting plan according to 23 Pa. C. S. A. Section 5331. In Pennsylvania, it also depends on the county in which you live. For example: In Washington County, Pennsylvania they require parenting plans for contested custody cases. However, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania they do not require parenting plans. My Day in Court When I went to gain more rights to my daughter, Christal; I first filed a Modification with the Court of Common Pleas. The reason I had to do this was there was already an Order of the Court already in place. In Pennsylvania, you are required to go to a â€Å"Parents Forever† Seminar. This is a four hour seminar that teaches parents how to co-parent. When I was done, I had to provide the Court with the certification of my completion. If I did not complete this requirement, I would have been held in contempt. After I showed the Court that I completed the seminar, I then had to go to custody conferences. They represent mediation. In the custody conferences, my ex-husband and I had to work out a parenting plan. When we agreed to the context of the agreement, we both received copies. After a couple of months, we then had to go to a custody conference and the conference officer reviewed the past months. When there was an issue, like when my ex-husband refused me visitation with Christal, she would help us come up with another parenting plan that worked better. After our first custody conference, I was awarded an extra day (Friday-Monday) to take my daughter to doctor and dentist appointments. At the time, she weighed only 48lbs at the age of 8! After our second conference, I was awarded another day. This time my visitation was from Friday- Tuesdays. I would then take her to school and drop her off. I asked for this, since I could not make all of her appointments on Mondays. In June of 2007, we agreed to every other week. This worked out well, since it was years since I got to spend a week with her. I also, had all week to take my daughter to appointments. She was also involved in therapy, since I had requested that in our first custody conference. She was regressing to the point that we had to put her back in pull-ups and start the potty training all over. She was also on the Binky, (aka: Pacifier), as well. In August, my ex had told the courts he would be out of state. Knowing this, the court allowed a telephone conference, so he could be present. He did not call at the required time. I had told the conference officer that Christal had stated that he was at his home and that they should call him, which they did. When he answered, the conference officer had told him that this was not allowed and that he had lied to the courts. As a punishment, the every other week stood. I then requested for a hearing, since I did not want to lose this time that I got to spend with Christal. Her father was trying to take it back to an every other weekend. Our hearing occurred in February of 2008. At this hearing, I provided letters that my ex had written, school documents, and witness testimony. My ex’s mother and girlfriend would not testify. Our Judge had told them that they were not asked. If they wanted to be a part of Christal’s life, they needed to testify. Christal was also spoken to by the judge on camera (judge’s chambers). Since there were so many issues with my ex’s side, our case went for a continuance. On Mother’s Day of the same year, we had our next hearing. In this hearing, my daughter’s therapist, ex-mother-in-law, ex-husband’s girlfriend all testified. Right before the end of our hearing, I had asked if I could rebut the first hearing. I had explained all the issues that I had encountered between the hearings. I was happy to find out that on my birthday, which is June 5, that I gained full-custody of my angel and that my ex cannot gain custody of her again. The courts took his every Wednesdays and his vacation during the summer away due to negligence. I lost my daughter in 2002, due to me not knowing what to expect going pro se and not having money. I gained her back due to my hard work and dedication to my daughter’s best interests and well-being. I included this in my memo, for the simple fact that not all cases are black and white. The law itself has a lot of gray areas. What one county requires, another does not. Same thing goes with states. You cannot be ignorant about the law. Pennsylvania My state does not require parenting plans, but they are implemented within the court process when filing for custody, modification of an order, and contempt of court order as expressed in my own case stated above. New Hampshire To file for parental rights or to modify an order, such as a divorce, legal separation, or parenting petition, you must include a parenting plan. In Rules of the Circuit Court of the State of New Hampshire-Family Division, Section2-Domestic Relations, 2. 8 Parenting Plans shows you what is required within your parenting plan, and the order of the contents. My Thoughts I like how New Hampshire requires the parenting plan, because it saves money and court time as well. References Child Custody Act, 23 Pa. C. S. A  § 5331 NH Court Rules, Rules of the Family Division of the State of NH, Section 2-Domestic Relations, Rule 2. 18 Bertin, M. (F ebruary 8, 2011). New Child Custody Act Ushers in Sweeping Changes. Obermayer Rebmann Maxwell & Hippel LLP Attorneys At Law Retrieved on December 15, 2011 from www. obermayer. com/publications. php? action=views&id=200

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Paper Example I. Medical Research in the United States Since the dawn of time, human tends to evolve itself to help improve the surrounding; this made it even more important to find a viable â€Å"cure† from various diseases. Through different ages of time, mankind came to know of various diseases and found cure for it. United state of America has also played a vital role in inventing cures for diseases which are known to be â€Å"in-curable† and also focus its research on some unknown diseases, specifically on cancer and its cause. Some famous medical researches conducted by American medical practitioners are: i) The Potential of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy to Guide Therapy in Prostate Cancer: The authors presented results, that prostate-specific antigen/prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSA/PSMA)–which are based on the measurements and calculations of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in circulating tumor cells (CTC) which helps in enabling the real-time quan titative monitoring of intratumoral AR signaling. This finding indicates that measuring AR signaling within CTCs may help to guide therapy in metastatic prostate cancer and highlights the use of CTCs as liquid biopsy. (Pantel, 2012) ii) Androgen Receptor Signaling in Circulating Tumor Cells as a Marker of Hormonally Responsive Prostate Cancer: The Androgen deprivation therapy also known as ADT was practiced to cure metastatic prostate cancer in earlier days, and many other hormonal therapies were being tested to repress the androgen receptor (AR) from reactivating in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In spite of the different responses to AR pathway inhibitors in CRPC, there are no dependable practitioners to guide their application. In this paper the author used micro fluidic capture of circulating tumor cells (CTC) to measure AR signaling readouts before and after therapeutic interventions (Miyamoto, 2012). These were the following researches that considered being a bre akthrough in the medical history, there was very few researches in the field of prostate cancer and improving the chemotherapy of cancer patients. The main reason was the funding for these researches and the political influence in these areas. II. Successful treatment of various intractable illnesses is now readily available Cancer was labeled as one of the leading causes of death in the United States and research was the only way through which the issue of cancer could have been tackled. The National Institute of Cancer received nearly $2.7 billion and is also funded by intangible sources that have further paved the path to help medical professionals expand their horizons. The importance of cancer research was further iterated by President Obama and according to him: â€Å"Innovation also demands basic research. Today, the discoveries taking place in our federally financed labs and universities could lead to new treatments that kill cancer cells but leave healthy ones untouchedâ⠂¬ ¦ Do not gut these investments in our budget. Don’t let other countries win the race for the future.† (AACR, 2012). There are however many researches being carried out on the treatment of once called intractable

Patient Privacy Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Patient Privacy Policy - Research Paper Example Patient Privacy Policy Evaluation process of the policy involves using questionnaires to different departments in hospitals: workers, patient, and tests on the responsibilities that are played to observe the policy. The evaluation is in terms of the responsibility of each individual, the release of information, employee related information and enforcement of the policy (Danis, Clancy & Churchill, 2002). Evaluation on responsibilities tests the understanding on the importance of respecting the rights of patients by keeping the information on their health private and the need to be sensitive to the concerns when using or disclosing the health related information. The evaluation process also focuses on understanding the policy concerning the protection of confidential information in public areas. Evaluation also is on understanding the accountability for maintaining the privacy of its patient and the confidentiality that is in the information. There are situation that the policy to keep the information of the patients private as it is disclosed in some situations such as those for law information officials as part of an investigation when the patient is a victim of a crime. Once the information is disclosed, the information of the patient is not private as it is to the public and can be known to other people. This is a problem in implementing the policy, as there is no surety in using the information only for investigation purposes.

Finance Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance Policy - Assignment Example The strategic planning manager is entitled to reduce the acquisition amount so that the firm Alresford could take over Gibson at more profit and at a price less than the market price. The firm Alresford aims to take over Gibson ltd at a reduced price, which is less than the market value of the firm in order to obtain profits. c) Determine which of the strategic planning manager’s suggestions should be undertaken and specify the optimum life of the south division. Advise Alresford ltd. of the maximum amount it should now be prepared to pay for Gibson. The strategic planning manager’s suggestion of using the Alresford’s transport rather than the north division’s transport which could save the transport expenses by $ 600,000 annually results in a savings of $ 2,400,000 in four years. Even though such a change would increase the replacement cost by $ 1.6 million, yet such a type of system will result in a savings of $ 800,000 which the firm can use for other business restructuring processes. The system of dividend imputation was introduced in Australia in 1987 in order to avoid double taxation with respect to the income of a company. Before the introduction of the dividend imputation in Australia, there was double taxation because the companies paid tax on their earning income and the shareholders also had to pay tax on the dividends at a marginal tax rate, which provided the government double tax on a single company’s earnings. Here the difference with respect to dividend payment if the firm Alresford implemented the Australian dividend imputation system could not be clearly calculated as no provisions with respect to payment of dividend are provided. Therefore, there is no change in calculations with respect to payment of dividend if the Australian dividend imputation system is used. The system of Dividend Imputation allows the shareholders of the firm to obtain more

A Life Journey of Mao Zedong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Life Journey of Mao Zedong - Essay Example Mao was born when the Qing Dynasty was on the course of the breakdown of its powers over the ruling of China. For two hundred fifty years, Qing Dynasty ruled China with strictness. But they were in a quandary as to how to hold on to their authority. The rulers were in a difficulty over the peoples’ unrest. For over thirty years the Qing rulers had been trying to reorganize their land and naval forces and to equip them with modern Western weapons but Japan easily won in the war of 1894. (1) Foreign nations colonized the different parts of China. Powerful nations like Japan, France, Germany and Great Britain were interested in dominating China. Rebels tried to fight to regain Beijing in 1900, killing foreigners and Christian Chinese. This brought about more foreign invasions. Authorities in the other parts of China beheaded rioters and rebels. Qing Dynasty crushed down in October 1911 by the uprising of militant rebels. Though Spence briefly skimmed historical events during the early years of Mao’s life, significant dates, events, and persons were included. The book is a brief but close up portrait of Mao Zedong from his childhood years to the time when he ruled China. Spence combined history and storytelling on Mao’s climb to power. From a common villager without extraordinary talents to a learned man, Spence connected the series of events that led Mao to the peak of his rule. An interesting biography to read and understand this man with a great vision of China’s social and economic change.

Contemporary Social Issues in Japan Research Paper - 1

Contemporary Social Issues in Japan - Research Paper Example Various factors like social system, family life, parent child communication and defective school system are considered the major causes for this social problem. At present, various kinds of support systems which provide help and assistance for young people, parents and teachers are available in Japan. News reports and magazine articles in Japan have reported the anxiety among the social activists and research professionals about a social trouble which has been noted as seriously affecting the country. They have also identified this new social phenomenon causing for severe behavioral changes among the youths. Michael J. Dziesinski states; â€Å"A new term, Hikikomori, was coined for this social phenomenon by Japanese psychologist Tamaki Saito to describe a disturbing behavioral trend towards complete social withdrawal among Japanese youths† (Dziesinski1). Studies prove that it is a disturbing behavioral trend towards absolute social and cultural withdrawal among the Japanese youth. In the end of the 1970s, some news papers and journal articles have published reports about some kinds of challenging behavior and social withdrawal from the part of Japanese youth. In the beginning of the 1990s sociologists have noticed the fact that a gradual growth took place in these behavior al disorders. The dilemma of Hikikomori became a serious social problem in Japan as it affecting the young people who are often regarded as the wealth of a nation. Therefore, Hikikomori creates serious behavior disorders among the Japanese youth and their social withdrawal negatively affects the social and economic growth of the nation. Western psychologists and research professionals consider Hikikomori as a culture bound disease. It has been noted as adversely affecting a particular nation for the duration of a particular moment in its social and cultural history. Psychologists admit Hikikomori

Evaluate the impact of the internet on business Essay

Evaluate the impact of the internet on business - Essay Example Internet alone has been able to change the marketing strategies of several businesses and social media is one internet outlet that has really contributed heavily towards the evolution of new marketing activities. Electronic business which is often titled as e-business is a term used to refer to the huge range of business operations that are conducted online and these activities take place between stakeholders of a business that are located within and outside the organization (Columbus, 2000, p.240). One of the first organizations to define the concept of e-business was IBM. They stated that e-business is the alteration of significant business operations with the utilization of internet (Garbade, 2011, p.20). The term is even used to refer to kind of exchange or transaction that may take place between different parties through the means of internet and is quite different as compared to the traditional way of performing business activities in which the physical presence of both the buy ers and sellers used to be required. The success of e-business and the benefits of e-business to organizations can be realized through the e-commerce sales figure of $343 billion experienced by US businesses documented during the period of 2012 by Plunkett Research (Plunkettresearch.com, 2013). The importance of use of internet in marketing activities have been recognized as Plunkett Research figured out that during the period of 2012, 24% of all marketing activities conducted by US organizations was through online channels (Plunkettresearch.com, 2013). On the other hand are those who believe that internet has negatively impacted the world of business and measures should be taken to counter these negative impacts. This writing will argue that internet has more benefits to offer than disadvantages and if used in the appropriate manner, it can help business flourish. Body E-business has assisted businesses in reaching their target market in various methods and has even assisted busine sses in increasing their market shares with limited amount of investments. According to Boone, the internet has made it possible to reach various customers in several ways that were unknown to businesses before it evolution and the main benefit that has been identified by Boone is that internet has made it possible for businesses to cater to the needs of customers throughout the world (Boone, 2012, p.105). This means that internet has eliminated boundaries that divided countries from countries and restricted businesses to cater the need of limited number of people. The opponents argue that although internet has helped businesses cross domestic boundaries and has allowed even small scale businesses to operate in the global world, this feature of internet has increased the competition for local businesses and local businesses are shutting down due to their failure to compete. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a disadvantage and is rather an advantage for local businesses and has helped them in realizing that they need to operate in a much effective and efficient manner if they have to survive the competition. Internet has even assisted organizations in decreasing their expenditure on advertisement and marketing and this feature has even lead to increase in the power of the multinational organizations. Internet based advertising and promotion is almost free of cost. Basic level internet marketing such as creation of blogs and creation of WebPages on Facebook does not cost organizations a dime. If

A Personal Take on the Debate Between Rationalism and Empiricism.Doc Essay Example for Free

A Personal Take on the Debate Between Rationalism and Empiricism.Doc Essay The study of knowledge, or epistemology, contains theoretical methods by which information is learned. Of these methods, two are most widely accepted. These two methods, rationalism and empiricism, are also the most widely debated methods of knowledge acquisition. Rationalism claims that knowledge is gained by a priori processes and intuition. Rationalism claims that knowledge is innate; however the level of innate knowledge contained by humans varies amongst rationalists. At the other end of the spectrum, empiricism claims that knowledge is gained largely by experience, observation, and sensory perception. These views pose a striking contrast and controversy within the theory of knowledge. Which view is correct, or is there even a correct view? As rationalism and empiricism are studied and compared, it becomes evident that empiricism is the more correct theory of the acquisition of knowledge. However, in order to believe so, there must be a differentiation between knowledge and behavior. According to the empirical scientific process, bodily behavior and function is rationalist. That is, it occurs without humans first learning how to breathe and pump blood with their heart. Knowledge however, refers to The British philosopher John Locke is credited with formulating the complete modern doctrine of empiricism. Locke proposed that, upon entrance into the world, the mind is a white paper upon which experiences leave their marks. According to Locke in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding the predominant sources of ideas and knowledge are sensation and reflection. It seems that after receiving knowledge empirically, the human mind resorts to reflecting on the information. This reflection could ultimately lead to the internalization of knowledge, therefore making it seem innate upon recall of the information. Scottish philosopher David Humes thoughts and theories regarding empiricism are the basis of what is understood as empiricism today. Humes studies on empiricism took empiricist ideas to a whole new level. Hume divided all of knowledge into two categories: relations of ideas and matters of fact. Relations of ideas encompass logical propositions such as mathematics and geometry, while matters of fact are pieces of knowledge dependent on observation. Hume goes even further in saying that ideas, commonly understood as arising from human intuition (rationalism), are empiricist. According to Hume, ideas are merely remembrances of impressions or sensations gained by experience and observation. Humes ideas here are not unreasonable. While ideas can be new or innovative they generally do build upon the knowledge already possessed by experience. For example, the iPod was a new idea; however the idea itself was a remembrance of previous portable music devices such as the Walkman or Discman. In effect, Hume seems to be saying that new ideas are simply improvements made to existing ideas gained through impressions and sensations. While rationalism and empiricism are generally recognized as opposing views, it is important to remember that they are not mutually exclusive when understood in a general sense. However, when a philosopher is looking for the fundamental source of all knowledge, then one view must be discarded in favor of another. By separating human knowledge from human body function, it is reasonable to conclude that all human knowledge and ideas are gained empirically and through experience.

Medical Personal Statement Examples Personal Development Essay

Medical Personal Statement Examples Personal Development Essay From an early age I have been fascinated by the workings of life. The human body is a remarkable machine with many diverse systems producing an organism that could never be artificially reproduced. My love of science is just one of my reasons for choosing medicine. I enjoy a challenge particularly towards a rewarding objective and although medicine is a tough career it can be enormously gratifying, highlighted by the doctors I have spoken to during my experience and on a personal level. To further my insight into the medical field I participated in a work shadowing week at a GP surgery. I gained a valuable understanding of the workings of the surgery, with opportunities to observe and speak to the doctors regarding a medical career. I arranged another placement week myself at a local hospital, which was a superb opportunity to observe medicine from another point of view. I observed the ward rounds, an MRI scan, a skin biopsy and an endosocpy clinic all which I found interesting. I spent the most time with the haematology team, responsible for patients with diseases such as Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia (CML), haematology being one of my interests it was captivating that I could see the specialty from a more complex side than the AS biology course. For example I was able to understand how the level of platelets affects blood clotting. Throughout the week I expanded my confidence and communication skills through speaking to patients and doctors. Although I enjoyed the week it was at times extremely heart-rending, I was able to get close to many of the terminally ill patients helping and caring for them where I could, getting them tea or just talking and empathising with them to build their spirits. I volunteered at a local home for the elderly which was very rewarding as I built my caring skills, helping residents by making them tea or playing cards with them. At school I took part in a paired reading scheme for 6 months where I was able to help young children to read, speaking and listening to them to help their English. All my experience has made me more determined to accomplish my ambition to be a doctor. My love of science and aspiration for a medical career is reflected in my A-Level choices where good time management, self motivated study skills and ability to cope with stress and pressure are essential. Biology and chemistry have helped me further my interest and develop my analytical skills, maths helps my problem solving skills helping me to work logically and ICT gives me a valuable insight into the rapidly developing technological world where computers are crucial. I believe all the qualities I have developed through my courses are essential for any good doctor. I have participated in the Duke of Edinburgh award scheme which enabled me to achieve a first aid certificate including cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. I also enhanced my inter-personal, communication and team building abilities, valuable skills for any medical occupation, as I witnessed during my experience. For 2 years I have volunteered at a local vet hospital observing and helping out 2 hours per week commu nicating with the public in a different environment. I enjoy reading, mainly factual books to expand my general knowledge. To relax, I enjoy sports including football, and cricket for which I was captain of the school team and my local team for the past 3 years improving my leadership skills. I also recently rekindled my childhood passion for golf, another pastime I enjoy even if it is a little expensive! I am a self motivated, determined individual and I look forward to the social and academic challenges of university. I am aware of the demands of a medical career but my commitment and desire to become a doctor has only been strengthened through my experience and work in a voluntary capacity. No.2 To be given the opportunity to read medicine, will not only fulfil my ambitions, but also allow me to be a credit to the medical institution. I am a dedicated learner and I have the ability to listen diligently to people. I believe there is a severe lack of black female doctors and I will endeavour to be part of the improvement of this situation and be an asset to my community. No.3 From a young age I have been genuinely fascinated by the intriguing world of Science. This passion has fuelled my love for medicine, particularly as I have always been amazed by the complex and intricate workings of the human body. The fact that medicine is an extremely challenging, demanding and rewarding profession leaves me with no doubt about wanting to become a doctor. My A-level studies have reinforced my decision to pursue this career path and allowed me to develop essential skills for this degree. Chemistry has enhanced my analytical and problem solving skills. My accuracy, attention to detail and natural ability to solve problems has been developed through studying Physics and Maths. Reliable observational skills and experimental technique has been developed through during practical work in Chemistry, Physics and Biology. Exiting visits to the Body worlds exhibition and conferences organised by med-link confirmed my desire to pursue a medical degree No.4 My motivation to study medicine comes from the desire to combine my interests in the ever-expanding fields of medical science with my need to understand life from other human perspectives. This drive was reinforced by my visit to Christie Hospital where I saw how advances in medical diagnostics and treatment directly impact upon the lives of cancer patients. By becoming a doctor I hope to be able to work at the crux of science and society by pursuing a deeper understanding of complex biological systems, whilst at the same time using my knowledge to make a difference to the individual. After reflecting upon all my experiences so far I believe that as a doctor I will possess the tenacity, humanity and dedication to excel in both academic and personal challenges. No.5 My A-level subjects have given me a sound scientific knowledge base and have developed skills and qualities which are particularly relevant to my chosen degree. These include observational, investigative, analytical, reasoning and communication skills. My self-confidence, self-reliance, adaptability and willingness to assume responsibility have been enhanced not just through my studies but through extra-curricular activities and considerable work experience. My desire to pursue a career in medicine has only intensified as a result of my work experience and voluntary sector commitments. The chance to study medicine is my long cherished ambition. I believe I have the skills and qualities necessary to succeed in the medical profession, and I welcome the academic rigour and opportunity to participate fully in all aspects of university life. No.6 INTELLECTUAL ABILITY I love to be challenged about my ideas and opinions. I have relished the intellectual challenge offered by Chemistry and learnt how to develop arguments and clarity of expression in History. In particular, I have enjoyed exploring the history of medicine, which has enhanced my understanding of the ancient profession I would so love to be a part of CONCLUSION I intend to make medicine my lifes work. I think medicine is the most fundamental of professions; without doctors society would surely collapse given that ones health is a prerequisite to doing almost anything in life. I would be privileged to spend the rest of my working life practising medicine. I am acutely aware of the difficulties and challenges I am signing up for, but am confident that I will meet them with (enthusiasm) gusto and commitment. INTRODUCTION reasons for studying for medicine To be given the opportunity to study medicine would be a dream come true/the fulfilment of a life-long dream. The science of medicine fascinates and inspires me; reading StudentBMJ and NewScientist compel me into learning more. A central attraction of medicine is the chance to make a difference to another persons life, and to be able/ (in a position) to offer informed support and understanding at a vulnerable time for a patient and their family. (For many) illness is very scary and access to a compassionate and committed/attentive/helpful/caring doctor can make a significant difference to a potentially traumatic experience. I am an open-minded, approachable person and I would aspire to making vulnerable patients feel at ease; I have the social skills conducive to being an effective doctor, not a scientist No.7 Disease can take everything from us; potentially undermining our capacity to meet challenges, seek happiness or improve ourselves. Valuing all of these things within myself, one of the most frustrating things I have had to witness is people being unable to do the same. We cannot give people happiness, but effective healthcare can give people the chance to seek their own. Of course, healthcare has many facets; but a longing to ask why?, and also to question the answer, has helped lead me toward medicine. Whilst at college, exploring the human body, more intricate than any man-made machine, has helped me feed this fascination. Case studies like cystic fibrosis made it especially relevant. In addition, books such as The Chemistry of Life and The Man Who Mistook His Wife For His Hat have helped me extend my passion past the scope of the curriculum, engaging with ideas independently. Furthermore, AS Perspectives on Science has developed my ability and desire to interact with the medical world. The course culminated in an extended report in which I chose to discuss the scientific and ethical implications of HIV testing; questioning issues such as the extent to which patient autonomy should be endorsed. This has been enormously satisfying, and my drive to learn about medical cause, effect and treatment has only increased. Along with my Philosophy course, this has helped to shape the way I think about the world and given me the tools, and opportunity, to engage with other people and their ideas. I have always had a need to help people. More recently, highlighted by volunteering at St. Michaels Hospice, I have developed my devotion to caring. Assisting in providing palliative care has been a difficult but exceptionally rewarding experience. Each time I connected with a patient, I felt I had added something to his or her day, if only for a little while. To then find the following week that they had deteriorated was hard, but pushed me to persevere. Perhaps the most poignant lesson I have learned is that, however much we wish otherwise, there is a limit to what we can do for people; there will be times when I am faced with helplessness. Complementing this, partaking in a project evaluating sexual health services has given me the chance to help spur improvement. But more importantly, analysing healthcare from a patient perspective emphasised the fundamental need for integrity, effective communication and understanding. Hence, all of my volunteer work has helped me to develop, am ong others, my sensitivity and interpersonal skills. Additionally, teaching myself piano and exploring its complexities, I have had many opportunities to develop my dedication and independence. While in a youth folk band, I was chosen to participate in a music exchange. I enjoyed immersing myself in new cultures and, travelling around France and Germany, worked with musicians far more skillful than myself. Furthermore, my love of martial arts has also given me chances to push my limits. The more I practice both of these, the more I realise how much more there is to learn. Being elected as head boy in secondary school I also worked to progress other skills including teamwork as well as public speaking. I recognise medicine is a difficult route, but it is the challenge which makes it more rewarding. Not only does it enable me to take my passion beyond college to a setting where my knowledge must constantly evolve, but, perhaps more importantly, it allows me to put this into practice in a meaningful way. I hope that in doing so I can give others the same opportunities I have had myself# No.8 I have always been interested in all aspects of the human body. I am therefore very excited by the prospect of studying Medicine and using the knowledge I would acquire to help people. In 2006 I attended a Med-Six conference at Nottingham University and found the few days I was there utterly engaging. The lecture on Emergency Medicine emphasised the importance of an efficient team with a decisive leader, which I found particularly stimulating. We took part in a simulated accident and emergency team exercise and each played specific roles, for example nurse, radiographer and consultant. We had to assess individual patients and make rapid decisions about how the team should deal with them. It showed me how much Medicine relies on teamwork and communication. I was very fortunate to be able to organise a week shadowing an orthopaedic surgeon. I accompanied him on his ward rounds in the morning and was then able to watch him performing hip arthroscopies. I was also present during consultations with new patients on clinic days. I observed how he empathised with the patients when he briefed them before their operations and during patient consultations when he informed the patients of the possible outcomes of the surgery. I saw that in the operating theatre every member of the team was integral to the success of the operation and that the team needed a strong leader. I also gained an understanding of the immense concentration and skill involved in this type of surgery. At present I am working as an Administration Assistant at a hospital; through dealing with patient records I have gained an appreciation of the importance of patient confidentiality. I will soon be applying for a post as a Nursing Assistant at a London hospital to gain more pat ient contact. The study of Medicine offers a great deal and I believe I have the enthusiasm, perseverance and commitment necessary to make a good doctor. No.9 In order to explore my fascination with medicine I have undertaken varied and relevant work experience, in both a hospital and a care home. Whilst working at the Royal Blackburn Hospital, I had the opportunity to shadow current medical students, where I learnt various procedures such as catheter and cannula insertion, in addition to playing an active role in practical demonstrations using SimMan. Shadowing junior doctors on the Gastroenterology Ward allowed me to begin to understand the structure of a hospital. I was able to appreciate the high level of teamwork required between the consultant and other healthcare professionals. This ensured the treatment given to patients was both efficient and effective. I was privileged to have the opportunity to interact on a one to one basis with patients, which enabled me to tailor my communication skills to suit the patient and their situation. My time in hospital concluded with a presentation, which I presented to the junior doctors and a con sultant regarding my experience, which further enhanced my communication skills. I gained great admiration for the consultant, who was able to instill belief and reassurance within his patients, even in the most extreme circumstances. Equally, my time spent at Viewfield Care Home allowed me to converse with patients on a regular basis, whilst developing my nursing skills. Both these experiences gave me an extensive insight into the fundamental characteristics which a doctor must possess, namely being caring, competent and approachable at all times, all of which I believe are key qualities of my personality. Reflecting upon these experiences has reinforced my desire to pursue a career in medicine, for which I now have resolute determination. I believe I possess a suitable personality to undertake the demands of being a medical student and doctor, as I thrive in challenging situations, both mental and physical, while at all times remaining competent and demonstrating both empathy and integrity. No.10 This incident sparked my initial interest in Medicine. To further explore the world of Medicine, I began to read popular medical articles in the newspapers and became a frequent visitor to the BBC Health page. I also read medical related articles in the New Scientist. In order to experience the practical aspects of the life of a doctor, I completed work experience under an Oncologist for two weeks and also at my local GP clinic for a month. Here I was most impressed by the doctors bedside manner. I witnessed the calm and reassuring tone of the doctor, who often used humour as well, to put the patients at ease so as to elicit information he needed to come to a sound diagnosis. I next undertook community service at a residential home for the elderly for a few months and over time I was amazed at the tact and patience of the staff who allowed the residents to keep hold of as much of their independence as possible. My interest in Science and Mathematics is reflected in my A-level choices. I believe that the scientific method is the most reliable way for man to augment his knowledge of the world around him. I love Mathematics, which has taught me to be logical in my thinking and precise in my actions. I am hard working and know I have the intellectual abilities to study Medicine. I realise a good doctor also needs to be able to communicate effectively; I have an open and friendly personality, finding it easy to make relationships with my peers as well as my teachers. Additionally I have the qualities of care, compassion and commitment, which I believe make me an ideal candidate to study Medicine and serve as a Doctor. No.11 I am a keen table tennis player and play regularly at a local club as well as with my friends and family. I organise a table tennis club for the sixth form as well as an after school club where I offer coaching to beginners. This has not only been of huge enjoyment but has also helped me develop my organisational and leadership skills. I also captained the football and hockey teams at Hebron for two years. Essentially, I feel I have gained a realistic appreciation of the challenges, both emotional and physical, involved in pursuing a career in medicine, but believe that my experiences have given me the motivation and commitment to withstand such trials and enable me to succeed as a valuable member of the developing medical field. For me, a career in medicine is the perfect opportunity to stimulate my mind in a fascinating field in which I am highly motivated to succeed. I eagerly anticipate the opportunity to be able to combine my caring personality with the practical aspects of the subject, and so have a major impact on peoples lives. The prospect of life-long learning in a subject for which I have such an affinity excites me. I thoroughly enjoy studying A-level Biology and Chemistry and my intellectual curiosity ensures I stay well ahead of the syllabus. For example, I was recently intrigued by an article on developments in cancer treatment, discussing how antibodies can be engineered to bind to specific antigens on the surface of cancer cells, allowing attached drugs to be delivered directly to tumours, and was inspired to do further research.

Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping - Beyond Reason Essay -- Robinson Ho

Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping - Beyond Reason   Ã‚   Marilynne Robinson gives voice to a realm of consciousness beyond the bounds of reason in her novel Housekeeping. Possibly concealed by the melancholy but gently methodical tone, boundaries and limits of perception are constantly redefined, rediscovered, and reevaluated. Ruth, as the narrator, leads the reader through the sorrowful events and the mundane details of her childhood and adolescence. She attempts to reconcile her experiences, fragmented and unified, past, present, and future, in order to better understand or substantiate the transient life she leads with her aunt Sylvie. Rather than the wooden structure built by Edmund Foster, the house Ruth eventually comes to inhabit with Sylvie and learn to "keep" is metaphoric. "...it seemed something I had lost might be found in Sylvie's house" (124). The very act of housekeeping invites a radical revision of fundamental concepts like time, memory, and meaning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robinson delights in an intense "undifferentiated attentiveness to all the details" (82). The ordinary is given added significance and, as a result, the pace of the novel is slowed considerably. While supplying a layer of added realism, these mundane, fragmentary domestic details serve as an important thematic strategy to Robinson. The reader's attention becomes focussed on the passing of each moment in time. Ruth is initially frustrated with the seeming discontinuity of her own existence and tries to assign some order to it. "What are all these fragments for if not to be knit up finally?" (92). She yearns for a time when there "would be a general reclaiming" of the various seemingly meaningless fragments of human existence, a moment when "time... ...ould become unnecessary and meaningless "if only the darkness", like nothingness, "could be perfect and permanent" (116). Nothingness does preclude individual identity of any sort, however. Surrendering completely to nothingness would negate any possibility of authentic intimate human relations: the one source of meaning and happiness to Sylvie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The house Sylvie attempts to "keep" must accommodate change including the peace and threat implied by nothingness. "A house should be built to float cloud high, if need be...A house should have a compass and a keel" (184). Rather than being seduced by the ultimate and final separation of nothingness, Ruth learns (as a transient) that housekeeping can be an expansive and inclusive method of engaging and interpreting the world. Work Cited: Robinson, Marilynne. Housekeeping. New York: Bantam Books, 1982.

Eczema Essay -- essays research papers

Eczema WHAT IS ECZEMA?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eczema is a category of skin disease that is characterized by inflammation, itching, dry scaly skin, and in severe cases, small fluid filled blisters and insomnia. It is the most common skin disease in children today. Mild cases of Eczema are a little worse than a tendency toward dry, itching skin. Severe cases can effect the whole body, can be intensely itchy, uncomfortable, and even have an effect on the person in a psychological manner due to self- consciousness. Eczema sufferers have acute flare-ups or relapses of their chronic disease that can be annoying, itchy, and very uncomfortable. HOW DO YOU GET ECZEMA?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eczema is not a contagious skin disease, but it does effect around 1 in 10 people. Its causes aren’t fully understood yet, but eczema seems to occur in people with family or personal history of allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, food allergies, icthyosis vulgaris, and keratosis pilaris. Eczema has always seemed to be a genetic skin disease, but until recently the researchers have been unable to identify a specific gene involved in the passing on of eczema. Now, doctors believe they have found a gene that causes eczema, but since it is not present in all cases of eczema, they believe that there is more than one gene that can cause eczema. Also, a maternal pattern of inheritance has been discovered. Doctors and researchers believe that this maternal inheritance pattern is ... Eczema Essay -- essays research papers Eczema WHAT IS ECZEMA?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eczema is a category of skin disease that is characterized by inflammation, itching, dry scaly skin, and in severe cases, small fluid filled blisters and insomnia. It is the most common skin disease in children today. Mild cases of Eczema are a little worse than a tendency toward dry, itching skin. Severe cases can effect the whole body, can be intensely itchy, uncomfortable, and even have an effect on the person in a psychological manner due to self- consciousness. Eczema sufferers have acute flare-ups or relapses of their chronic disease that can be annoying, itchy, and very uncomfortable. HOW DO YOU GET ECZEMA?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eczema is not a contagious skin disease, but it does effect around 1 in 10 people. Its causes aren’t fully understood yet, but eczema seems to occur in people with family or personal history of allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, food allergies, icthyosis vulgaris, and keratosis pilaris. Eczema has always seemed to be a genetic skin disease, but until recently the researchers have been unable to identify a specific gene involved in the passing on of eczema. Now, doctors believe they have found a gene that causes eczema, but since it is not present in all cases of eczema, they believe that there is more than one gene that can cause eczema. Also, a maternal pattern of inheritance has been discovered. Doctors and researchers believe that this maternal inheritance pattern is ...

Colonel Sherburns Influence on Huck in Huckleberry Finn Essay

Sivilization is a far cry from civilization, though they look the same and sound the same and one can easily be confused for the other. Civilization refers to an advanced state of humanity. The people who make up civilization are generally thought to have a higher intellectual and moral standard than those not part of it, and to be more mannered and well bred. Sivilization is a faux form of civilization. It appears to be equivalent to civilization, but where the superior attributes are sincere in civilization, they consist of ersatz gentility in sivilization. Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the adolescent protagonist Huckleberry Finn, in his flight from â€Å"sivilized† society, encounters many people who have the act of refinement down pat, but who are in essence vicious, self-serving, and pusillanimous. Huck becomes aware of this hypocrisy throughout the duration of the novel with the help of many characters, and one of the characters that helps him rec ognize sivilization for what it is is Colonel Sherburn. The first lesson that Huck learns from Colonel Sherburn ...

In this course work Essay

There is a lot of planning and direct action involved. Whereas in â€Å"The Second Bullet†, there is a sinister crime which is full of strange and baffling things but there is no direct physical action on the part of Violet Strange. She visits the crime scene, talks to the people and gathers information. She then examines the physical evidence, reconstructs what happened, and comes out with the only possible explanation. These two dissimilar roles of the detectives in the stories somehow impact their character representation. Clearly, the feminine detective has been portrayed as a non-action champion, while the male detective as an action hero! The lead character in â€Å"The Second Bullet† is Violet Strange who works for a detective agency. â€Å"Owing to some remarkable work done by the firm of –&–, the well-known private detective agency, the claim made by Mrs. George Hammond. † She is young, beautiful, and feminine, comes from an upper class family and well to do. â€Å"But you are so young and so–so–† â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Miss Strange was invariably the society belle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † â€Å"Simplicity again, but the simplicity of high art–the drawing-room of one rich enough to indulge in the final luxury of a highly cultivated taste, viz. : unostentatious elegance and the subjection of each carefully chosen ornament to the general effect. † However, the life as a young woman entering the society is not enough for her. She craves for an action that a woman of her class will not dare to go for; criminal investigation. It is unusual for a woman of such refinement to be in the role of a detective in the 1915’s America. As for her personal traits, she is independent, confident, unemotional and determined. She is thorough, very intelligent, has the skills of perception to solve crime, and solves the crime herself. Unlike Holmes, she does not enlist any outside help. She does not resort to any physical action in the story. She uses only her power of observation and reasoning to solve the case. In addition, she does not have a main challenger or adversary as Holmes has in his story. The great detective Sherlock Holmes in contrast is a professional who works on his own and not for any detective agency. He is male, middle aged, well educated and belongs to the upper class. He is arrogant and over-confident. In the opening scene of the story, there is a short exchange between him and Dr. Watson in which the detective’s powers of deduction and observation are displayed. Seeing, as Watson does, is different from observing. â€Å"You see, but you do not observe. † According to Watson â€Å"He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen,† Contrast to â€Å"The second Bullet†, this story has a main adversary, Irene Adler with remarkable personal qualities. She is confident, determined and clever at figuring out what is really happening. She is respected and feared. Holmes describes her as â€Å"The daintiest thing under a bonnet on this planet† â€Å"I only caught a glimpse of her at the moment, but she was a lovely woman, with a face that a man might die for. † But she is more than just beautiful. She outperforms Holmes! Earlier in the story, Holmes tells Watson â€Å"It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts† This tells us he is a analytical thinker but in taking a condescending attitude towards Irene Adler and in assuming too much about women in general, Holmes twist the facts to suit his theories about the opposite sex and is outsmarted by her as a result. Holmes shows personal feeling towards Irene Adler because of her high qualities. As the story ends, the king says â€Å"Would she not have made an admirable queen? Is it not a pity that she was not on my level? † For which Holmes replies coldly as follows: â€Å"From what I have seen of the lady she seems indeed to be on a very different level to you Majesty,† He sees Irene Adler at a higher level with more human values than the king. To Holmes, she always remained an honourable woman. Dr. Watson observes in the opening paragraph that â€Å"It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler† He was not sexist at all but merely admired Irene for her attributes. Violet Strange on the other hand has no personal feeling about anyone. But she is sympathetic and caring when she meets Mrs. Hammond for the fist time. â€Å"Certainly you have met with two greatest losses which can come to a woman† She has an open mind. Her desire for money is shown in the opening page but she also does not want to waste her energy on a case she could not believe in. No. The sum is a good one and I could use it but I will not waste my energy on a case I do not believe in. Description, action and dialogue are main ways in which characters are revealed in stories. Both stories have a fair amount of dialogue and talk among the characters. We learn more about Holmes’ individuality and character merely by following his conversation with Dr. Watson. Non-dialogue description of thoughts and feelings are somewhat limited in the Holmes story. The syntax used in The Second Bullet is a very complicated upper class form, which is informal. For example â€Å"Husband and child both taken from her in a moment; and now, all means of living as well, unless some happy thought of yours–some inspiration of your genius–shows us a way of re-establishing her claims to the policy voided by this cry of suicide. † In â€Å"A Scandal in Bohemia† the syntax is simple in comparison and therefore is easily readable and recognizable. Both the writers have clean language; not vulgar or bad language now used by popular authors. I enjoyed reading both stories. One more line about A Scandal in Bohemia† that I believe only reflects the attitude of the male author, which I personally cannot accept. â€Å"A married woman grabs at her baby; an unmarried one reaches for her jewel-box† This may be relevant to good old Victorian days but not now! Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Western Farmers Dbq

From 1880-1906, western farmers were affected by multiple issues that they saw as threats to their way of life. The main threats to the farmers were railroads, trusts, and the government, because these institutions all had the power to drastically affect the ability of the farmers to make profits. Therefore, the farmers were not wrong to feel frustration toward those institutions when the institutions caused the farmers to live lives of increasingly extreme poverty.The main source of agrarian discontent with the railroads was a result of the rising railroad rates that made it increasingly difficult for the farmers to make a decent living by shipping their crops via freight trains. In a book called The Octopus, a farmer named Dyke planned to ship his hops and was shocked upon discovering that the railroad rate had increased from two cents per pound to five cents per pound, rendering him unable to make any profit at all (Document H).This practice of raising the railroad rates without w arning was unfair to the farmers and made it virtually impossible for any farmer to make a profit by shipping his crops. The farmers were also largely affected by the activity of trusts and banks and the control that trusts exerted on their particular lines of business. In a book by James B. Weaver the argument is made that trusts were in complete control of the situation, having power over both the producer of raw materials and the consumer of the products (Document F).In most cases, the farmers fell under both categories, and the trusts often took full advantage, buying raw goods from farmers at very low prices that made it very difficult for farmers to profit and selling back the completed goods at high prices the farmers could barely afford if at all. The Eastern banking conglomerates were especially powerful due to their ability to call in debts and repossess homes of the farmers. The picture in The Farmer’s Voice, a Chicago newspaper from the late 1880s, depicts the pow er an eastern banker held over the poor western farmers who are unable to pay their bills.The trusts did have an extremely high degree of control with little to no opposition, so the farmers were right to disapprove of trusts and call for legislation to disband them. The government’s actions concerning the inflation of the American dollar were extremely detrimental to the ability of the average farmer to make a living. In president William McKinley’s acceptance speech in 1896 (Document B), McKinley argues that free silver would decrease the value of money, and â€Å"no one suffers so much from cheap money as the farmers and laborers. The decrease in the value of money caused by inflation would make the farmers’ crops almost worthless. The farmers’ complaints regarding the government were valid due to the failure of the government to stop inflation, which is shown in the table comparing the population to the money in circulation (Document C). The amount o f money in circulation increased constantly from 1880 to 1895. It could be argued from the railroads’ point of view that if the prices weren’t increased to keep up with inflation, the railroads would be unable to make profit.In a testimony before the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker, vice-president of the Cairo Short Line Railroad, testified that if the railroads kept their prices at constant levels, they would go bankrupt (Document G). However, the main problem with the railroads the farmers had was not necessarily the rising prices, but the fact that the prices rose without warning. It was extremely difficult to plan shipments and end up making profits. J. Lawrence Laughlin wrote that the farmers are wrong to blame the decrease in prices of wheat on the scarcity of gold (Document E).Laughlin claimed that such a decrease was simply a result of global overproduction of wheat. While he made a valid point, it did not change the fact that wheat prices were still extremely low and the government could still have been at fault. The farmers still had reason to be angry at the government due to the government’s failure to protect the farmers from such a global overproduction by implementing a tariff on foreign wheat and its failure to regulate railroads and trusts, leaving them free to excavate the pockets of the farmers as deeply as they pleased.It was certainly not easy being a western farmer in the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The farmers were complete slaves to the more powerful industries, especially the railroads. The farmers had valid reasons to be discontent with the circumstances. The railroads and other trusts had complete control of the markets and trade systems, while farmers faced constantly rising shipment prices and constantly decreasing crop prices and sales. The government simply stood idly by and watched the farmers be manipulated and taken advantage of by the titans of industry, forcing the farmers into increasingly severe poverty.

Black social movements Essay

Race is used by social scientists to refer to distinctions drawn from physical appearance (skin color, eye shape, physiognomy), and ethnicity is used to refer to distinctions based on national origin, language, religion, food, and other cultural markers. â€Å"Race has a quasi-biological status and among psychologists, the use of race terminology is hotly debated In the United States, race is also a socially defined, politically oppressive categorization scheme that individuals must negotiate while creating their identities. † (Frable , 1997, 139) Before the Black Power Phase of the Black Social Movement, blacks displayed a decidedly dualistic worldview. After 1968, a trend toward a black perspective, which is almost as significant as the dualistic frame, becomes apparent. A reactionary, extreme pro white position is seldom advocated: The dualistic, integrationist ethic was perhaps stronger in the past than it is today, although it is probably still the dominant ideology among blacks. Finally, over the past 25+ years, a nationalistic black oriented ideology has become increasingly important in discussions of black affairs. The racial and ethnic identity terms are often used inappropriately in psychology. While black immigrants to the United States may have a racial identity as black, their ethnic identity reflects their country of origin; racial identity is much more likely to be problematic in the United States than ethnic identity. Whether a researcher assesses racial identity, ethnic identity, or some combination may only be clear after reading the Methods section of their report. EVIDENCE OF IDENTITY CHANGE: 1968-PRESENT The Black Social Movement had two phases: (1) the Civil Rights Phase, which lasted from 1954-1967 and (2) the Black Power Phase, which began to take hold from 1965-1967. (See Exhibit 1) 118 or 73% were conducted during the period 1968-1977. Of these, 22 (19%) were Black group oriented, 84 (71%) were personal self-worth related and 12 (10%) applied personal self-worth and Black group oriented measures on the same sample. A significant number of both Black group and personal self-worth studies from this period show blacks with an increased in-group orientation and adequate to above average levels of self-esteem. (Allen et al, pg. 161)The Black Movement has increased the probability that more blacks will superimpose a black orientation upon a greater variety of situations. As a perspective, the extent to which the world view of the mainstream group (Americanism) has been internalized by a Black person is not one of self-rejection as it was in the past. As a result, some 20 years later and as a side product of the mind set change, Hip-hop (music) was created in the mid-seventies as black social movements began to take less noticeable role in the African-American communities and mainstream media, and replaced by electoral politics. â€Å"It has deep sixties cultural and political roots; Gil Scott-Heron and The Last Poets are considered the forebears of rap. But once the institutions that supported radical movements collapsed or turned their attention elsewhere, the seeds of hip- hop were left to germinate in American society at large-fed by its materialism, misogyny and a new, more insidious kind of state violence. † (Ards, 1999, p. 11) This suggests racial motivation impetus more of a political-cultural propensity rather than a psychological trait. All along, even during the racial segregation and Jim Crow, Blacks have consistently had a high sense of personal worth. The Black Movement probably had a less dramatic effect on the personal identity as opposed to the reference group orientation of black people as whole. Blacks have had, and continue to have, a multifaceted reference group orientation that determine behavior depending upon the situation being confronted. BLACK ELITE LIBERAL CONCEPT â€Å"Is this America? Land of the Free and Home of the Brave? † Fannie Lou Hamer’s question still rivets attention, for it is at once radical and conservative, communitarian and individualistic, a plaintive cry and a hardened protest, fiercely American and defiant of America. (Robinson, 1997, p. 179) While not a new paradigm in and of itself (and while certainly reductionist), Cedric J. Robinson, in Black Movement in America, calls for framework forces one to consider social movements. He points out that the very success of black activism during the Civil War would point the way toward future divisions within black political culture. Both free black leaders and the masses of Southern slaves who rebelled against their masters turned a white war into a battle over slavery and racial injustice. (Newman, 1999, 683) Slavery’s destruction, ironically, removed a common focus of protest, and more importantly, enticed certain â€Å"black elites† to accept the â€Å"liberal concept† of changing American political culture by trying to join it and reform it from within. These elite representatives were â€Å"largely irrelevant† in Robinson’s eyes, for the black masses focused on community-building and autonomy (Robinson, 1997, p. 92). The black social movements of the 60’s and 70’s single indicator of common social beliefs may simply be related with other dimensions and intangibles yet to be discovered or even recognized. In brief, due to the impact of during the ten to fifteen year span, black consciousness and awareness had become so pervasive throughout the black population that by the late seventies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  a single item tapping common-fate solidarity was adequate to capture a fully politicized sense of group consciousness. Of course, other changes in the political landscape may also contribute to such a shift. For instance, collective political efficacy among black Americans may have been enhanced by the growing number of black elected officials. † (Bobo & Gilliam 1990) A generation has almost passed since the social activisms of the late 50’s and upheaval turbulent 60s and birth of modern day public black social movement. There are now thousands of black elected and appointed officials throughout the United States. Southern presidents have been elected to the White House since 1976, both of whom received the overwhelming support of the African American electorate. A great deal of literature has been devoted to the position that Black working people and the poor challenged the â€Å"system† by establishing, ad hoc or organized significant black social movements that were rooted simultaneously in a political and social tempest. However, thus knowing that a person has a strong black identity will not inform the listener about the nature of his/her personal identity; however, it gives considerable insight into the person’s value system, political posture, and cultural stance. REFERENCE(S) Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article Title: Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title: Annual Review of Psychology. Volume: 48. Page Number: 139+. Angela Ards, 1999, Organizing the Hip-Hop Generation. Magazine Title: The Nation. Volume: 269. Issue: 4. Publication Date: July 26,1999 Page Number: 11. Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York: Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Rich Newman, 1999, Black Movements in America. Journal Title: The Historian. Volume: 61. Issue: 3. Publication Page Number: 683. Walter Recharde Allen, Geraldine Kearse Brookins, Margaret Beale Spencer,1985, Beginnings: The Social and Affective Development of Black Children. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Hillsdale, NJ. Bobo, Lawrence. 1988 â€Å"Attitudes Toward The Black Political Movement: Trends, Meaning, and Effects on Racial Policy Preferences. † Social Psychology Quarterly 51:287-302. Gilliam, Franklin D. , and Kenny J. Whitby. 1989 . â€Å"Race, Class, and Attitudes Toward Social Welfare Spending: An Ethclass Interpretation. † Social Science Quarterly 70:88-100.

Thessalonians

Thessalonians Thessalonians is based on two different letters that was written to the Christian community in Thessalonica. The purpose of the first letter was to clear up some of the misunderstandings about the return of Christ. The second letters purpose was to still clear up some of the misunderstandings about the Day of the Lord for they thought the day had already come. The first letter to the Christian community was sent from Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, though Paul was the main author. Paul was writing to them to clear up their misunderstandings about the return of Christ, also considers it as instructions in holy living.Paul wrote about his longing to visit the church in Thessalonica but he couldn’t because Satan had stopped them (1 Thessalonians 2:18). Though some believe the second letter to the Christian community is wrote by Paul others do not. Many scholars point out how the writing style, vocabulary, and structure of the 2 Thessalonians are too similar to the 1 Th essalonians. They suggest that it was written by an anonymous author 50 years after Paul’s death, using the 1 Thessalonians as their guideline. The early witnesses for the belief that Paul is not the author are strong and include Igantius, Justin, and Polycarp.Although there seems to be different beliefs on who wrote the 2 Thessalonians, no one will really know. Paul’s reasoning for both letters seems to be along the same point to clear up the misunderstanding of the return of Christ and how the Christian community of Thessalonica was being persecuted for they believed that the Day of the Lord had already come. The first book of Thessalonians was suspected to have been written in 49-51 CE when Paul was on his Corinthian mission. (Acts 17-18) records Paul’s visits to Thessalonica and then to Athens, and to Corinth, which is how they correspond the date of the letter.It has been read that Paul did not starting writing his letters until he started traveling to the various places. Therefore they based these dates on traveling companions and cross referenced between 1 Thessalonians and Acts. There are many arguments about when the 2 Thessalonians was written, because they believe that Paul did not write the letter. Depending on the actual authorship of the letter would be what the date of it was written would depend on. Stating that if the letter was written by someone else but in Paul’s name, it is said that it may have been wrote in the late first or perhaps the early second CE.With that being said it is not sure on the exact date or time frame that the 2 Thessalonians was wrote. With many opinions about the date and who wrote the 2 Thessalonians it will not be known until the authorship of the letter is cleared up. There is enough evidence on when 1 Thessalonians was written. How they correspond the dates to when he was traveling and that he was on his mission in Corinthian, which would be around the 49-51 CE. Paul was writing the let ter to the churches of Thessalonica which is the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia.His purpose of writing was to praise them on their â€Å"faith and love† that Timothy had brought and to focus on the instruction on how to live their Christian lives. Paul was writing this letter while he was on his mission in Corinthian where he was farther south in the province of Achaia. He wants the letter to be read aloud â€Å"to all his brothers† which means all his believers in Thessalonica. In 1 Thessalonians 4:3-4 it is confirmed of the conclusion that the churches of Thessalonica was mostly composed of gentile believers.Unlike Jews the Roman gentiles was notorious for being sexually immoral which is what Paul wanted the Thessalonians to keep them from. Both of the letters is written to the same audience the Christians of the Thessalonica churches. Without knowing who the true author of the second letter is it, there isn’t a for sure location on where the lette r was written although it is believed to be in Corinth if Paul did write the letter. Paul’s purpose of the first letter was to correct a misunderstanding about the return of Christ. To also urge his readers to respect their leaders, his could suggest that there was some tension among the people in the churches. He expressed his satisfaction over the progress that the community had made and his joy. His Jewish opponents apparently had made accusations about his cowardice and self-seeking charges brought against him. He points out the importance of Christian morality, to safeguard them from attempts to make new converts to Christianity and to revert to their old standards. Paul’s purpose of the second letter was to clear up any misunderstandings that came in the first letter.For he talked about the second coming of Christ, so those people believed in the Thessalonica churches that the coming of Christ was soon. Some quite their jobs, refused to work, and become idle busy bodies and gossips, so Paul wrote to them also to encourage them to go back to work. The Christians were being persecuted by the Jews for they were hardened by the hearts and jealous of their success. He was telling them that when Christ returned for judgment the ones that was afflicting pain upon them would be punished for their doings.The purpose of both letters is nearly the same, wanting to tell them of the second coming of Christ and live their lives the way that he has instructed them too. The only difference was to clear things up that many had misread in the second letter for they misbelieved that the coming of Christ was soon. For Paul did not know when the actual coming would be but he was warning them of it so they would be ready for judgment day. The first letter from Paul is unique because through most of the letter it is devoted to his prayer and thanksgiving for their faith in Christ.He writes to them concerned for his people and thankful for the time that he has spen t with them. In his letter he uses â€Å"You know† and â€Å"You Remember† repeatedly to remind them of the teaching he did to them. This shows how much of a personal relationship he had with the Thessalonian churches. He makes it clear in his letter that he is speaking to the ones that are followers of Jesus Christ. The second letter from Paul is unique as well. He still praises them for their faith in him and in Christ. He tells them of importance of letting their faith and love to continue to grow to be of examples for other churches.Despite all the suffering and pain they have been going through to not let their lives drift away from Christ. Explains the importance of getting prepared for the second coming of Christ and how gives them information about the apostle’s beliefs in when the second coming could be. Both of letters show Paul’s faith and love in the Thessalonians churches. He proves to those that he is very expectant of these churches to be e xamples for other churches through these letters. That despite the difficulties and pain that some go through that believing in Christ he will help you find your way out as long as you have faith and love in him.Throughout doing this paper I have learned many different opinions of whether Paul actually wrote the second letter or that he didn’t. I have been able to read about how Paul outpours his love and faith for the Thessalonian churches and that he wants them to live their lives for Christ. One of the key points that I have learned is that although you may struggle with difficulties and pain that if you have faith and love in Christ that he will help you find the way to survive these obstacles.Works Cited Coogan, Michael D. , et al. , eds. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Oxford: New York, 2010. Print. The Providence Forum. Resource. Philadelphia National Bible City. The National Bible Association: Encouraging Everyone to Read the Bible. 2009. 25 Nov. 2012. Guthrie, Donald . New Testament Introduction: The Pauline Epistles. The Tyndale Press, 1960. Print. Holmes, Michael W. , et al. , eds. 1 & 2 Thessalonians NIV Application Commentary, Minnesota, 1998. Print.

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